For NZSA 18.9.25:
How to Bake a Book, by Nod Ghosh (Everytime Press)
NZSA 2025
Write your name on the identity spoons, so we know who you are.
Tell us where you are in your writing journey, by giving a single sentence bio – in third person, as it might appear in a publication.
Taonga Exercise (Five minutes):
Select an item from the "taonga tray". Write a piece that incorporates the item. It could relate to how the item was found or made, or a human interaction with it, e.g.: it features as a gift/is involved in a transaction/is used as a murder weapon etc. Or take a more fantastical approach. Imagine it is much larger, or you are much smaller, and are walking next to or into it.
Frequently Asked Questions
People often ask questions about how to get a book into the world. I aimed to provide the answers to these sorts of questions in “Bake”.
Here are some points discussed in the August 25 NZSA Canterbury meeting:
Layout of Dialogue
Use of attributions or not. There is no set rule regarding “he said/she said”. A publisher might have “house rules” they wish authors to comply with regarding use of single or double quote marks, italics, none at all, or whether a new line is required for a new speaker.
As long as the dialogue is easy to follow, anything goes. This can be achieved either by use of attributions, the use of “beats”, where an action by the speaker is described immediately after they speak, distinctive verbal style or other contextual clues.
Look at the example that begins “mind and body seek the supremacy of sleep”. This is taken from “Prophet Song” by Irish author Paul Lynch (Booker prize winner 2023). A conversation begins partway down the page at “Larry, she says . . .” See how skilfully the writer allows the reader to keep track of who is speaking.
Who is main protagonist? (Point of View)
There’s something about POV in Chapter Six of the book, “Sets & Drugs & Rock & Roll & Shady Characters”: When a minor character is given a point of view, i.e., the narrative comes from their perspective, whether that is in first or third or even second person, they cross a line and can be considered a protagonist.
There’s more on POV in Chapter Three, “Word Choices”: Is your work written in first,
second or third person? If third, is it a close third person, which borders on first, or is there more distance? Does only one character’s worldview shape the story?
How important is it to be consistent? You can change perspective, but do so in a considered manner that doesn’t suggest, for example, that the author was carried away and forgot they were writing about a fictional character, not themselves. Typically, a POV shift takes place between chapters or paragraphs.
Omniscient or eye-of-god POV, where multiple characters’ perspectives are prominent were more common in the past, but have been used successfully in contemporary literature too.
Tense
Also from Chapter Three, “Word Choices: Think about tense. How important is it to consistently use past, present or future narration within a piece? It isn’t, provided the changes enhance rather than appear accidental. For example, changing from past tense to “the dramatic present” can increase the tension of a key event.
Character profiles
This is taken from the exercise at the end of chapter four, “Different Genres” on writing a character study:
How old is the person? What is their relationship to the existing character(s)? Where were they born? Do they have siblings? What do they do for a living? Are they a morning or night person? Do they have any distinguishing physical characteristics or verbal tics? Is there anything they refuse to eat?
This is from Chapter Six, “Sets & Drugs & Rock & Roll & Shady Characters” on keeping character lists (when writing a novel):
What sort of school did the person attend? Did their parents divorce? . . . What is their accent? What is their attitude towards money? Can they drive? Are they ill? Do they tell lies?
These are only examples. Come up with your own list if what you need to “interrogate” when forming a character. Include the “big questions” such as class, political standpoint, religious beliefs. But also consider smaller stuff such as whether they interrupt people, walk in a funny way, what their voice is like or whether they are thrifty.
You could make notes about their physical appearance. While not as important as you might initially think, it’s good to record these in your character profiles to help you describe people consistently.
Timeline, linearity
From the exercise at the end of Chapter Five, “Story Structure”: Write a story plan in two ways, one with a linear timeline, the other non-linear, and then review both plans:
Do any juxtapositions you’ve made in the non-linear timeline add anything to the story? In what way are they better than the linear timeline, if at all?
The exercise is to examine one element of story structure – the timeline. It can be tempting to write non-linear narratives without giving it much thought . . . In its laziest form, you might add a flashback to “explain” something that’s about to happen in the main timeline. This can
come across as a contrived afterthought . . . Flashbacks and flash forwards can be a poignant way of revealing the storyline, aiding character development in an original way. However, it’s wise to craft non-linearity so it adds to the reader’s experience, rather than jumping back and forth because that’s the order in which the ideas come to you.
There’s more in Chapter Six, “Sets & Drugs & Rock & Roll & Shady Characters”:
When you read books or watch film and theatre, observe how time is handled. As well as linear versus non-linear timelines, one character’s timeline may be handled differently from another’s. Consider why these choices have been made.
If you play around with timelines (a necessity if writing about time travel, for instance), keep detailed notes to avoid unplanned conundrums.
Setting
As the name may or may not suggest, Chapter Six, “Sets & Drugs & Rock & Roll & Shady Characters” contains information about setting:
Setting includes time, place, and other elements that provide a base for your narrative. The chapter goes on to outline how it’s better to create the characters’ world as an integral part of the storytelling than to dump too much description at the outset.
There’s discussion about historical writing: use of signposts for the era, technology, language choices and how attitudes such as gender roles are influenced, differences in life expectancy.
When considering location, think about climate and length of daylight.
Incorporate fragrances and odours.
When you describe locations, you can draw on real places you have visited. Use your catalogue of memories. Travel diaries are useful. You can transplant details from one real place to another and invent a new imagined scene. Compared with writers in the past, we have the benefit of online satellite images.
Imagination is an essential tool, especially when you can’t easily access reference material. What does that alien’s skin feel like? How is vision affected when light doesn’t travel in straight lines? Has that corpse been there long enough to reek?
Investigating whether a change will enliven your work, or help you identify what needs developing
This is mentioned in the exercise at the end of Chapter one, “The (Almost) Infinite Freezer”. Ways of seeing work from different perspectives include changing the tense, point of view (first to third person or whatever) or even the font, unless you’ve written longhand. Try reading the work out loud. Try reading the words in a different accent. Put them through Google Translate and convert into a different language. Then translate them back. What has changed?
Use of beta readers
In chapter eleven, “The Writing Community”, I discuss finding well-matched partners for mutual critique. Aim to match your levels of experience and productivity/output/turn-around time. There’s a 2½ page section on how to give critique, and a 1½ page section on how to receive feedback. Both are important.
The publishing process
Chapter Nine “Getting Your Work Out There” focusses on what to do after you get your work to a publishable standard. Topics covered include: the submission process (online and print, for short and long work), free submissions vs. those who charge a reading fee, using social media to identify places to submit, high calibre publications with low acceptance rates and vice versa, identifying “vanity press”, marketability, remuneration, bios, author websites, CVs, keeping track of submissions, unsolicited submissions, agents, competitions, post-publication promotion.
Chapter Twelve, “Other Ingredients for a Book”, deals with other aspects required for a book beyond writing. You’ll need to be particularly aware of these elements if you choose to self-publish. They include structural editing (story structure, identifying inconsistencies of ideas etc.), copyediting (ensuring text conforms to consistent style, sentence construction etc.), proofreading (correcting any remaining errors).
Synopses. Endorsements. Typesetting. Print-on-demand vs print run.
Distribution. Marketing.
Chapter Fourteen, “Where to Next?”, elaborates on the latter. Plus: seeking reviews, the role of booksellers, book launches, publicity via media.
Exercises from the book
(If we don’t have time to complete these, take them home to do later.)
Hunger Game
Describe what it’s like to be hungry to someone who has never felt hungry. (Five minutes)
Automation
Write for t minutes without pausing using a stream of consciousness process where what you’ve written triggers the next part, which may or may not have an identifiable association. It doesn’t have to make sense.
Surreal Past
This exercise is ten minutes long. Recall an event / experience from your early childhood. Write an account of the event / experience, but introduce at least three elements of surrealism into the story. For example, if writing about a scary music teacher, you could include something about the sleeping dragon that lives in the guts of the piano. If writing about a memorable holiday, you could add a part where the narrator (you) flies over a beach once the adults are asleep. Think of something impossible that is compatible with the scene.
Prompt Words
Write for four minutes, including the following prompt words:
heavy, tent, last, tight, order, chaos, thimble, danger, outside, hammer.
